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By Jean-Jacques Hallaert, Member of the Groupe d’Economie Mondiale (GEM) at Sciences Po. China’s rise and the U.S. response to the perceived threat it represents to its predominance jeopardize the world order and affect international institutions. The paralysis of the WTO and the U.S. withdrawal from the WHO are the most visible examples, but not the only ones. This article presents the case of the International Monetary Fund. Quotas are the...

By Christofer Fjellner, a former Member of the European Parliament For some years now, tobacco-free nicotine pouches – a tobacco-free version of pre-portioned snus – have been available on the Swedish market. Although the use of the product is increasing and is marketed outside Europe, nicotine pouches are not subject to any specific product regulation – neither in Europe nor elsewhere, but we will most certainly see new regulation adopted in all...

This paper is co-authored with Badri Narayanan, PhD, Associate Professor at University of Washington, Consultant at McKinsey Global Institute, UN ESCWA, FAO, Commonwealth Secretariat and GTAP Research Centre. Background Since 1998, the WTO Members have applied a moratorium against tariffs on international electronic transmissions (commonly referred to as the WTO ‘E-Commerce’ Moratorium). However, some WTO Members have recently debated whether the...

By Dr Anna Jerzewska, Customs and Trade Consultant and Nicolas Köhler, Trade Policy Advisor at International Trade Intelligence and PhD Candidate at the University of Cambridge Even though free trade agreements (FTAs) have proliferated for several decades, researchers still don’t fully understand their effects. In the wake of mega-regional trade deals, many governments are now interested in evaluating the effectiveness of their existing commitments and...