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By Christofer Fjellner, a former Member of the European Parliament For some years now, tobacco-free nicotine pouches – a tobacco-free version of pre-portioned snus – have been available on the Swedish market. Although the use of the product is increasing and is marketed outside Europe, nicotine pouches are not subject to any specific product regulation – neither in Europe nor elsewhere, but we will most certainly see new regulation adopted in all...

This paper is co-authored with Badri Narayanan, PhD, Associate Professor at University of Washington, Consultant at McKinsey Global Institute, UN ESCWA, FAO, Commonwealth Secretariat and GTAP Research Centre. Background Since 1998, the WTO Members have applied a moratorium against tariffs on international electronic transmissions (commonly referred to as the WTO ‘E-Commerce’ Moratorium). However, some WTO Members have recently debated whether the...

By Dr Anna Jerzewska, Customs and Trade Consultant and Nicolas Köhler, Trade Policy Advisor at International Trade Intelligence and PhD Candidate at the University of Cambridge Even though free trade agreements (FTAs) have proliferated for several decades, researchers still don’t fully understand their effects. In the wake of mega-regional trade deals, many governments are now interested in evaluating the effectiveness of their existing commitments and...

While the overall majority of Hallyu research has looked at the way fans consume Korean popular culture and how it influences their identity, this paper focuses on the way these fans serve as effective agents for marketing Hallyu and how their fandom empowers them to explore new business and social opportunities. Focusing on what we call “fan entrepreneurship,” this paper examines the evolvement of fan communities in Israel and their role as cultural agents...