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Innovation and Less Harmful Alternatives to Tobacco: The Case of Nicotine Pouches Regulation
By Christofer Fjellner, a former Member of the European Parliament For some years now, tobacco-free nicotine pouches – a tobacco-free...
Unintended and Unattended Consequences: The Opportunity Costs of Reducing Exclusivity Rights for Intellectual Property
The European Commission is reviewing the use of supplementary protection certificates (SPCs), a patent term extension motivated by the increasing...
The Compounding Effect of Tariffs on Medicines: Estimating the Real Cost of Emerging Markets’ Protectionism
Even low import tariff rates have a significant compounding effect on the final retail price of medicines, which in turn impacts on affordability....
Europe’s Obesity Challenge
Europe is confronted by an obesity challenge. Rates of obesity have climbed fast over the past decades and estimates suggest that obesity rates will...
Addressing the Regulatory Divergences in the Medical Devices Sector
Medical devices are not just simple commodities. They are the result of decades of research and development and scientific advancement, and...
The Health of Nations: A Transatlantic Trade and Investment Agenda for Better Healthcare
Today, increases in the demand for healthcare are driving European governments to look for ways to control growth in healthcare expenditures and at...
Investing in Obesity Treatment to Deliver Significant Healthcare Savings: Estimating the Healthcare Costs of Obesity and the Benefits of Treatment
Obesity rates in Europe have been growing at an accelerated speed in the past two decades. In the European Union, between 36.9% and 56.7% of all...
PRICE TAGGING THE PRICELESS: International reference pricing for medicines in theory and practice
International reference pricing (IRP) has become a popular policy instrument in Europe as government seeks to curb healthcare costs and notably...
What is Driving the Rise in Health Care Expenditures? An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Cost Disease
The last 40 years have seen a rapid increase of government expenditures on public welfare arrangements. Increasing healthcare expenditures form a...
Assessing International Trade in Healthcare Services
Many stories and anecdotal evidence document doctors and patients travelling across the globe to give and receive medical and cosmetic surgeries,...