Hosuk Lee-Makiyama
Email: hosuk.lee-makiyama@ecipe.org
Office: +32 (0)2 289 1350 Mobile: +32 (0)499 694 249
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Areas of Expertise: European Union EU Trade Agreements EU Single Market Trade Defence Healthcare Services Digital Economy WTO and Globalization Far-East North-America Russia & Eurasia South Asia & Oceania

Hosuk Lee-Makiyama is the director of European Centre for International Political Economy (ECIPE) and a leading author on trade diplomacy, EU-Far East relations and the digital economy.
He is regularly consulted by governments and international organisations on a range of issues, from trade negotiations to economic reforms. He appears regularly in European, Chinese and US media, and is noted for his involvement in WTO and major free trade agreements. He was also named “One of the 20 most influential people for open internet” by the readers of the Guardian UK in 2012. He was the first author to argue for a WTO case on internet censorship in China.
Prior to joining ECIPE, he was an independent counsel on regulatory affairs, competition and communication, Senior Advisor at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, representative of Sweden and the EU member states towards the WTO and the UN, including WIPO and UNECE. Lee-Makiyama is also a Fellow at the department International Relations at the London School of Economics, and currently shares his time between LSE and ECIPE.
ECIPE Policy Briefs
The EU Green Deal and Its Industrial and Political Significance
The European Green Deal, the flagship initiative of the incumbent European Commission, aims to cut greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to 55% by 2030 (from the current target of cutting 40% of 1990 levels) by overhauling fiscal, trading and regulatory regimes. Brussels is well-placed to deliver the interregional distribution or the minutiae of technical regulations that this challenge calls for. Energy diversification is also central to EU competitiveness and strategic...
ECIPE Occasional Papers
Economic Costs of Ex ante Regulations
Regulations are an indispensable part of an economy and are proven to generate a significant impact on the economic, environment and social landscape. Through an extensive survey of literature and empirical study, the paper contrasts the benefits and costs arising in the light of the imposition of ex ante regulations of attempting to regulate a market sector, before a market failure has even occurred. It diverges from the norm of regulating ex-post, i.e. addressing...
ECIPE Policy Briefs
Open RAN: The Technology, its Politics and Europe’s Response
This policy brief explores the implications of Open RAN concept and its technical and political developments in the mobile network industry. Open RAN is not necessarily a new technology in itself, but represents a combination of existing technologies, e.g. virtualisation, AI, commercial off-the-shelf parts and open interfaces. Its proponents promise more secure networks without ‘high-risk vendors’ but Open RAN could introduce new systemic risks that...
ECIPE Policy Briefs
The Economic Losses from Ending the WTO Moratorium on Electronic Transmissions
This paper is co-authored with Badri Narayanan, PhD, Associate Professor at University of Washington, Consultant at McKinsey Global Institute, UN ESCWA, FAO, Commonwealth Secretariat and GTAP Research Centre. Background Since 1998, the WTO Members have applied a moratorium against tariffs on international electronic transmissions (commonly referred to as the WTO ‘E-Commerce’ Moratorium). However, some WTO Members have recently debated whether the...
Media Mention
Huawei chief offers to share 5G know-how for a fee
Hosuk Lee-Makiyama comments Huawei licencing plans for the...
Media Mention
Phil Hogan to be the new face of increasingly assertive EU trade policy
Hosuk Lee-Makiyama featured in Borderlex's profile of new trade...
Media Mention
France is giving unilateralism a go
Hosuk Lee-Makiyama comments on the French GAFA tax for the...
Media Mention
Imposing tariff on digital companies will be counter-productive: Report
Hosuk Lee-Makiyama & Badri Narayanan study on the repercussion of tariffs for digital goods and services featured on the Financial...
Article
In the shadow of America First – three EU trade conflicts flying under the radar
Hosuk Lee-Makiyama writes about the three EU trade conflicts flying under the...
Article
Radical Reforms May Risk South Korea’s Economic Rebound
Hosuk Lee-Makiyama writes for Forbes on President Moon and Korea's trade war with China and KORUS...
Article
The Digital Trade Oversight
Hosuk Lee-Makiyama in International Trade Forum (by the International Trade Centre) on the fragmentation of digital trade and development (page...
Article
What Would ‘No Deal’ Mean For Brexit Britain?
Hosuk Lee-Makiyama appearing on The Inquiry on BBC World Service on the impact of a hard Brexit and UK-US trade...
Book or Paper
Briefing Note: AI & Trade Policy
The ministerial discussion at the 2018 Tallinn Digital Summit was led by Hosuk...
Book or Paper
On Rule-based Trading in Uncertain Times
Hosuk Lee-Makiyama and Hanna Deringer discuss New Zealand’s role in the new trade architecture for The Policy Observatory at Auckland University of...
Book or Paper
Technology and Patents: The Imbalances in Europe
Rositsa Georgieva and Hosuk Lee-Makiyama's article on EU and US patent reforms in the digital age, World Economics, Spring...
Book or Paper
TPA and the Democratic disunity — Obama’s trade bill, jobs and income inequality in America
Lee-Makiyama blogs on trade and income inequality at...
Speech or Presentation
Expanding Digital Protectionism
Hosuk Lee-Makiyama's presentation at METI-JETRO International symposium: “International Trade Rules in the Digital Age – Challenges and...
Speech or Presentation
Free movement of data in the EU
Hosuk Lee-Makiyama speaking at the EIF meeting in the European Parliament, defending the Free Flow...
Speech or Presentation
Brexit and trade: what EU and WTO rules imply
Hosuk Lee-Makiyama speaks at Bruegel on Brexit: on WTO, FTAs, TRQs, CUs, RoO, CAP, TTIP and...
Speech or Presentation
C-SPAN: Cleaning the Slate, Trade under Trump
Hosuk Lee-Makiyama speaking on the Capitol Hill and C-SPAN about trade under Trump, organised by Georgetown CBPP...