A common version of trade theory suggests that countries will specialise in a limited number of products. Using the example of David Ricardo from...

Automotive is Europe’s key export industry, an important contributor to the EU economy, from balance of payments to employment, and a...

Services constitute at least a quarter of total trade. Between 2009 and 2019 global services trade increased by nearly 50%, compared to 18% for goods...

Free Trade Agreements between two or more countries or parties have been the centrepiece of international trade policy since the formation of the...

Novel flows that define the future of globalisation require new regulatory approaches, which are likely to differ between countries. So too for...

China is now the world’s leading manufacturer, with goods exports rising from $63 billion in 1990 to $2.5 trillion in 2018. The popular assumption...

During the Covid-19 pandemic, Europe has benefitted strongly from being an open economy that can access goods and services from other parts of the...

In the last 25 years global value chains have come to dominate global trade in a way surprisingly little discussed or understood. To meet the policy...

There is a paradox in the global debate about trade. It has never been easier to trade internationally, but global trade is poorly understood....

Protectionism and mercantilism are yet again at the centre of global economic policy. “America First” is the guiding ethos in a good part of US...