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The New Globalisation: SMEs and International Trade – The Supply Chain is as Important as Direct Exports
The disproportionately small share of exports from Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) is a cause of concern in modern trade policy. For developed...
When the State Becomes the Only Buyer: Monopsony in China’s Public Procurement of Medical Technology
China’s centralised state procurement policies are moving the Chinese market of medical technologies in a monopsonistic direction. A monopsony...
Mirror, Mirror on the Wall, Who Has the Fairest Clauses of Us All? Stress-testing the Application of Mirror Clauses to Pesticides
In less than six months, ‘mirror clauses’ have taken EU trade policy by storm. To inject ‘reciprocity’ in trading terms, the French...
Strategic Autonomy and Long-term Innovation Competitiveness: On the Importance of Intellectual Property Rights for the Production of High-Value Medicines in the EU
Europe’s political leaders have in recent months called for “European industrial autonomy”. Notions of dependency, sovereignty and resilience...
Prosperity and Resilience: Diverse Production and Comparative Advantage in Modern Economies
A common version of trade theory suggests that countries will specialise in a limited number of products. Using the example of David Ricardo from...
The Future of EU Leadership in the Car Industry: Still Global
Automotive is Europe’s key export industry, an important contributor to the EU economy, from balance of payments to employment, and a...
Europe’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism: Time to Go Back to the Drawing Board
This Policy Brief takes stock of the global and European trade and carbon-emission effects from CBAM. It argues that the current design of the CBAM...
From SMEs to Unicorns: What Role for Trade, Standards and New Tech?
The global economy has been shaped by important, disruptive technological changes in recent years. Many of these technologies have been instrumental...
China’s Public Procurement Protectionism and Europe’s Response: The Case of Medical Technology
This paper concerns China’s market for medical technologies and how the Chinese state is assisting its own companies to gain greater sales at the...
Services Trade Needs to be Taken as Seriously as Goods Trade
Services constitute at least a quarter of total trade. Between 2009 and 2019 global services trade increased by nearly 50%, compared to 18% for goods...