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The New Wave of Defensive Trade Policy Measures in the European Union: Design, Structure, and Trade Effects
This study undertakes a comprehensive review of proposed and adopted defensive trade policy instruments in the EU, with the purpose of better...
After the DMA, the DSA and the New AI Regulation: Mapping the Economic Consequences of and Responses to New Digital Regulations in Europe
The European Union (EU) has pursued an ambitious agenda for regulating the digital economy, and it is now planning to establish a new package of...
Should the EU Pursue a Strategic Ginseng Policy? Trade Dependency in the Brave New World of Geopolitics
Political leaders all over the world are calling for strategic autonomy. The removal of critical trade dependencies has become a guiding principle...
When the State Becomes the Only Buyer: Monopsony in China’s Public Procurement of Medical Technology
China’s centralised state procurement policies are moving the Chinese market of medical technologies in a monopsonistic direction. A monopsony...
Mirror, Mirror on the Wall, Who Has the Fairest Clauses of Us All? Stress-testing the Application of Mirror Clauses to Pesticides
In less than six months, ‘mirror clauses’ have taken EU trade policy by storm. To inject ‘reciprocity’ in trading terms, the French...
The EU Digital Markets Act: Assessing the Quality of Regulation
The proposed Digital Markets Act (DMA) is an opportunity to prevent and remedy anti-competitive conduct by large digital platforms. If the Act is...
Strategic Autonomy and Long-term Innovation Competitiveness: On the Importance of Intellectual Property Rights for the Production of High-Value Medicines in the EU
Europe’s political leaders have in recent months called for “European industrial autonomy”. Notions of dependency, sovereignty and resilience...
Time for Fresh Thinking on Northern Ireland and Brexit
The Good Friday / Belfast Agreement became, with considerable efforts over several years from so many involved, a broadly accepted if never fully...
Prosperity and Resilience: Diverse Production and Comparative Advantage in Modern Economies
A common version of trade theory suggests that countries will specialise in a limited number of products. Using the example of David Ricardo from...
The Benefits of Intellectual Property Rights in EU Free Trade Agreements
Key Takeaway 1: What are Intellectual Property Rights and why do they matter? Intellectual Property gives the creator (e.g. an artist, a company...