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The New Globalization: SMEs and International Trade – The Supply Chain is as Important as Direct Exports
The disproportionately small share of exports from Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) is a cause of concern in modern trade policy. For developed...
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When the State Becomes the Only Buyer: Monopsony in China’s Public Procurement of Medical Technology
China’s centralised state procurement policies are moving the Chinese market of medical technologies in a monopsonistic direction. A monopsony...
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Mirror, Mirror on the Wall, Who Has the Fairest Clauses of Us All? Stress-testing the Application of Mirror Clauses to Pesticides
In less than six months, ‘mirror clauses’ have taken EU trade policy by storm. To inject ‘reciprocity’ in trading terms, the French...
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Strategic Autonomy and Long-term Innovation Competitiveness: On the Importance of Intellectual Property Rights for the Production of High-Value Medicines in the EU
Europe’s political leaders have in recent months called for “European industrial autonomy”. Notions of dependency, sovereignty and resilience...
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Prosperity and Resilience: Diverse Production and Comparative Advantage in Modern Economies
A common version of trade theory suggests that countries will specialise in a limited number of products. Using the example of David Ricardo from...
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The Future of EU Leadership in the Car Industry: Still Global
Automotive is Europe’s key export industry, an important contributor to the EU economy, from balance of payments to employment, and a...
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Europe’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism: Time to Go Back to the Drawing Board
This Policy Brief takes stock of the global and European trade and carbon-emission effects from CBAM. It argues that the current design of the CBAM...
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From SMEs to Unicorns: What Role for Trade, Standards and New Tech?
The global economy has been shaped by important, disruptive technological changes in recent years. Many of these technologies have been instrumental...
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China’s Public Procurement Protectionism and Europe’s Response: The Case of Medical Technology
This paper concerns China’s market for medical technologies and how the Chinese state is assisting its own companies to gain greater sales at the...
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Services Trade Needs to be Taken as Seriously as Goods Trade
Services constitute at least a quarter of total trade. Between 2009 and 2019 global services trade increased by nearly 50%, compared to 18% for goods...