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Hosuk Lee-Makiyama

Email: hosuk.lee-makiyama@ecipe.org

Office: +32 (0)2 289 1350 Mobile: +32 (0)499 694 249

Follow on: Twitter


Areas of Expertise: European Union EU Trade Agreements EU Single Market Trade Defence Healthcare Services Digital Economy WTO and Globalisation Far-East North-America Russia & Eurasia South Asia & Oceania

Hosuk Lee-Makiyama

Hosuk Lee-Makiyama is the director of European Centre for International Political Economy (ECIPE) and a leading author on trade diplomacy, EU-Far East relations and the digital economy.

He is regularly consulted by governments and international organisations on a range of issues, from trade negotiations to economic reforms. He appears regularly in European, Chinese and US media, and is noted for his involvement in WTO and major free trade agreements. He was also named “One of the 20 most influential people for open internet” by the readers of the Guardian UK in 2012. He was the first author to argue for a WTO case on internet censorship in China.

Prior to joining ECIPE, he was an independent counsel on regulatory affairs, competition and communication, Senior Advisor at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, representative of Sweden and the EU member states towards the WTO and the UN, including WIPO and UNECE. Lee-Makiyama is also a Fellow at the department International Relations at the London School of Economics, and currently shares his time between LSE and ECIPE.

  • ECIPE Policy Briefs

    AI and India’s National Interest

    By: Hosuk Lee-Makiyama Badri Narayanan Gopalakrishnan Claudia Lozano Dyuti Pandya 

    AI offers a policy dilemma for India. On the one hand, export competitiveness hinges on the nationwide deployment of productivity-enhancing technologies. Indian services and consultancies must incorporate AI technologies to keep their leading position in the global market. On the other hand, there are also concerns over automation’s impact on social cohesion, discriminatory algorithmic decision-making, and the risks of “deepfakes”. However, the current...

  • ECIPE Policy Briefs

    Empires of Exceptionalism: Lessons from the EU AI Act and Attempts at AI Legislation in California

    By: Hosuk Lee-Makiyama Claudia Lozano 

    The EU AI Act, which passed after three years of negotiations and much ambivalence, sets a comprehensive regulatory framework that reflects the European Union’s unique needs that are not translatable to other jurisdictions. The proposed bill in California (SB 1047) illustrates this case in point. The bill could potentially mislead the public into thinking that AI is already under effective regulatory control. Lawmakers must recognize that the EU differs...

  • ECIPE Policy Briefs

    How Huawei Weathered the Storm: Resilience, Market Conditions or Failed Sanctions?

    By: Hosuk Lee-Makiyama Robin Baker 

    Huawei is exhibiting stoic resilience in the face of US sanctions, economic downturns, and the slow pace of 5G investments. There is a narrative that the company has been propped up by the Chinese government, but the key to Huawei’s resilience is multifaceted. Through pre-emptive stockpiling and ingenuity, the company has continued to fulfil its base station orders and defend its market shares abroad. Concurrently, Huawei has made an autonomous business decision...

  • ECIPE Occasional Papers

    German Industrial Competitiveness and the Metaverse

    By: Hosuk Lee-Makiyama Robin Baker 

    The metaverse is the next iteration of the internet as an immersive, 3D, virtual, shared world where activities can be carried out with the help of extended reality services. But it is much more than headsets and virtual games. The metaverse is increasingly conceptualised in tandem with other advanced technologies, including AI, IoT, automation, and blockchain. Combined, these Industrie 4.0 innovations will be at the centre of German productivity growth over the...

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