Research
View All Publications
Latest Publications
The Trade Effects of AI Provisions in PTAs: Does Non-Binding Matter?
This paper examines whether non-binding (“soft”) AI-related provisions in preferential trade agreements (PTAs) move trade and how their effects...
Privacy at a Price? An Empirical Analysis of GDPR’s Impact on EU Trade Flows
The introduction of the EU’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in 2018 created conditions that could raise the cost of trading services...
Memo to Ursula von der Leyen and António Costa: Make the Right Priorities for the EU-CELAC Summit 2025
The EU–CELAC Summit in Santa Marta, Colombia, in November comes at a time when both regions need to get down to business. The EU-CELAC cooperation...
What About Us? Consumer Response to the Digital Markets Act
The Digital Markets Act (DMA) was introduced as a landmark piece of EU legislation to change how consumers interact or engage with large online...